What Are the Classifications of Endoscope Instruments?

Compared with traditional surgery, minimally invasive surgery has the advantages of less trauma, faster recovery, and less pain for patients. The endoscopic minimally invasive medical device, as the doctor's "eye", can effectively help the doctor "see" the lesion. With the worldwide popularity of minimally invasive surgical techniques, endoscopy has also entered a period of rapid development.

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The endoscopy device is widely used in clinical treatment of different departments and different diseases. Mainly divided into flexible endoscope (referred to as flexible endoscope) and rigid endoscope (referred to as rigid endoscope). Thoracoscopy, ureteroscopy, cystoscopy, arthroscopy, hysteroscopy, etc.

1. Rigid endoscope instruments

Rigid endoscopy can be divided into laparoscopy, thoracoscopy, hysteroscopy and other categories. Various types of rigid endoscopes are used in conjunction with supporting equipment to complete the diagnosis and treatment of various types of diseases. The main supporting equipment of hard mirrors in endoscopy device are camera system host, camera, cold light source, monitor, trolley, etc. Rigid endoscopes mainly enter sterile human tissues and organs or enter sterile chambers of the human body through surgical incisions, such as laparoscopy, thoracoscopy, arthroscopy, intervertebral discoscopy, ventriculoscopy, etc. The hard mirror is a prism optical system. The biggest advantage is that the image is clear, and it can be equipped with multiple working channels and select multiple viewing angles.

2. Soft endoscope instruments

Flexible endoscopy mainly completes inspection, diagnosis and treatment through the natural cavities of the human body, such as gastroscopy, colonoscopy, laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy, etc. The optical system of the flexible mirror is a fiber optic optical system. The biggest feature of this fiber optic endoscope is that the lens part can be manipulated by the operator to change the direction and expand the scope of application, but the imaging effect is not as good as that of the hard mirror. Flexible endoscopes have been used in gastroenterology, respiratory medicine, ENT, urology, anorectal, thoracic surgery, gynecology and other departments, from simple disease screening to complex treatment of achalasia, bringing patients It has the advantages of timely and accurate diagnosis and treatment, low risk, small surgical trauma and quick postoperative recovery.

3. Fiber endoscope instruments

The fiber endoscopy device system consists of two parts: the endoscope body and the cold light source. There are two optical fiber bundles in the lens body: one is called the light beam, which is used to transmit the light generated by the cold light source to the surface of the object to be observed. , will illuminate the surface of the object to be observed; the other is called the image beam, which is to arrange tens of thousands of optical fibers with a diameter of less than 1 micron in a row in a row, one end is aimed at the eyepiece, and the other end is aimed at the object through the objective lens. Observing the surface of the object, the doctor can see the surface of the organ very intuitively through the eyepiece, which is convenient for timely and accurate diagnosis of the disease. For example, an endoscopist can look at ulcers or tumors in the stomach and use this to determine the best treatment plan.

4. Electronic endoscope instruments

With the development of electronics and digital video technology, the electronic endoscope appeared in the 1980s, so that the optical fiber is no longer used for image transmission, but a photosensitive integrated circuit camera system is used instead, which can mainly display not only the image quality Well, the brightness is strong, and the image is large, which can detect smaller lesions, and the outer diameter of the electronic endoscope is smaller, the image is clearer and more intuitive, and the operation is convenient. Some endoscopes even have tiny integrated circuit sensors that feed back what they observe to a computer. It can not only obtain the diagnostic information of the morphology of tissues and organs, but also measure various physiological functions of tissues and organs. The structure of the electronic endoscope is basically the same as that of the fiber endoscope. It can be simply understood that the CCD replaces the image guide beam, and many functions cannot be achieved by the fiber endoscope. The biggest difference between the electronic endoscope and the fiber endoscope is that the optical fiber image transmission beam is replaced by a CCD device called a miniature image sensor.

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The use of endoscope instruments can effectively reduce cross-infection between patients and greatly improve the efficiency of minimally invasive surgery. With the continuous upgrading of technology and the continuous improvement of medical systems, the global endoscope market demand will further expand in the future and develop in the direction of miniaturization and consumables.

What is an endoscopy?

An endoscopy is a procedure done to examine structures inside your body up close. During an endoscopy, a healthcare provider places a long, thin tube (endoscope) inside your body until it reaches the organ or area they need to check. Most endoscopes have a light and special camera at the end. The scope captures images or videos of organs or other body parts. It displays them on a screen your provider sees.

Many endoscopes have special channels inside. Providers can insert operating instruments to remove tissue or perform surgery during an endoscopy.

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What are the types of endoscopy?

There are many types of endoscopy procedures. But they all work in the same basic way. A healthcare provider gently inserts a scope into a body opening or small incision. The scope allows them direct access to parts of your body they need to examine or treat.

Key differences include:

• The procedure name. The name usually reflects the organ your provider is checking. For example, a “colonoscopy” is an endoscopy that examines your colon.
• The type of scope. The name usually reflects the organ, too. So the endoscope used for a colonoscopy is called a colonoscope. Endoscopes differ depending on the tasks they help your provider complete. Some are flexible, while others are rigid. Some have channels inside that hold tools that can remove tissue, seal wounds or perform other treatments.

The procedure specifics, including the body parts your provider is examining and where the scope goes in, are different, too.

• Anoscopy: Scope goes through your anus (butthole) to look at your anus and rectum.
• Arthroscopy: Scope goes through an incision above your joint to look for damage or conditions like arthritis.
• Bronchoscopy: Scope goes through your mouth or nostril to look at your trachea (windpipe) and lungs.
• Colonoscopy: Scope goes through your anus to look at your entire large intestine (colon).
• Cystoscopy: Scope goes through your urethra (the tube that allows pee out of your body) to look at it and your bladder.
• Enteroscopy: Scope goes through your mouth (for upper enteroscopy) or your anus (for lower enteroscopy) to look at your small intestine.
• Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) or upper endoscopy: Scope goes through your mouth to look at your esophagus, stomach and the upper part of your small intestine.
• Hysteroscopy: Scope goes through your vagina to look at your uterus.
• Laparoscopy: Scope goes through an incision in your abdomen to look at your abdominal and reproductive organs.
• Laryngoscopy: Scope goes through your mouth or nostril to look at your voice box (larynx).
• Mediastinoscopy: Scope goes through an incision above your breast bone to look at the area between your lungs that includes your heart, esophagus and windpipe (mediastinum).
• Neuroendoscopy: Scope goes through an incision in your skull to look at your brain.
• Proctoscopy (rigid sigmoidoscopy): Scope goes through your anus to look at your anus and rectum.
• Sigmoidoscopy (flexible sigmoidoscopy): Scope goes through your anus to look at the lower part of your colon (called the sigmoid) and your rectum.
• Thoracoscopy (also called a pleuroscopy): Scope goes through an incision in your chest to look at your lungs and the area around your lungs, including your diaphragm, esophagus and chest walls.
• Ureteroscopy: Scope goes through your urethra to look at the tubes that connect your kidneys to your bladder (ureters).

Advanced endoscopy techniques

Researchers and scientists continually develop new technologies to make endoscopies even less invasive. For example, a capsule endoscopy shows your organs up close without a scope. Instead, you swallow a vitamin-sized capsule with a camera inside. As the capsule travels through your esophagus, stomach and small intestine, it takes pictures that can help diagnose bleeding and tumors in your digestive system.

What does an endoscopy test for?

Healthcare providers use endoscopies to screen for conditions and diagnose diseases. A colonoscopy is probably the most well-known endoscopy used to screen for diseases. It’s used to detect colon cancer. One of the most well-known diagnostic uses of endoscopy is that it allows providers to remove abnormal tissue for lab testing. This is called a biopsy. Biopsies can show if growths are cancerous or noncancerous.

When providers first used endoscopy, they primarily used it to examine organs. Now, they can use endoscopy for many different treatments, such as fixing a bleeding stomach ulcer. In the past, a problem like this could’ve required surgery.

Diseases an endoscopy can detect

An endoscopy can detect diseases that affect your:

Endoscopy treatments

Some endoscopes can be used with instruments that allow providers to:

• Seal wounds.
• Inject medicine.
• Drain fluid.
• Stop internal bleeding.
• Remove damaged tissue or tumors.
• Fix blockages or widen organs that are too narrow.
• Place stents (tiny tubes that open a blocked or damaged organ).
• Perform surgeries.

During a laparoscopy, providers operate on organs through tiny incisions instead of a large opening. This is sometimes called keyhole surgery. It’s much less invasive than traditional surgery. It’s the preferred technique for treating many conditions.

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