### How is FKM rubber made?
### Answer:
FKM rubber, also known as fluorocarbon rubber, is made through a process called polymerization. Polymerization is a chemical reaction that combines individual molecules, called monomers, to form long chains of repeating units, known as polymers. Here is a step-by-step explanation of how FKM rubber is made:
#### 1. Selection of monomers:
The first step in making FKM rubber is selecting the monomers that will be used in the polymerization process. In the case of FKM rubber, the main monomers used are vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and hexafluoropropylene (HFP).
#### 2. Initiation:
The polymerization process begins with the initiation step, where a small amount of initiator is added to the monomer mixture. This initiator triggers the reaction and starts the formation of polymer chains.
#### 3. Propagation:
During the propagation step, the monomers react with each other, forming longer polymer chains. This process continues until all the monomers have been consumed or until the reaction is stopped.
#### 4. Termination:
Once the desired chain length is reached, the polymerization reaction is stopped through a termination step. This prevents further growth of the polymer chains and helps ensure that the final FKM rubber has the desired properties.
#### 5. Processing:
After the polymerization process is complete, the FKM rubber is usually processed into its final form through methods such as extrusion, molding, or calendaring. These processes help shape the rubber into the desired product, such as O-rings, seals, or gaskets.
In summary, FKM rubber is made through a polymerization process that involves selecting monomers, initiating the reaction, propagating the polymer chains, terminating the reaction, and processing the rubber into its final form. This process results in a durable and chemically resistant rubber material that is commonly used in applications where high temperatures, harsh chemicals, and extreme conditions are present.
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