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Not all stainless steel flatware is created equally. Close inspection of flatware packaging for dinner knives, forks, and spoons will usually list a numerical identification that might initially puzzle you. The designations 18/10, 18/0, or 13/0 actually just indicate the percentages of chromium and nickel included in the stainless steel alloy. These numbers also give you an accurate way to judge the quality of the flatware, as higher percentages of nickel are generally regarded as superior. Thus, 18/10 flatware is widely understood to be the best quality.
Understanding the stainless steel grade, then, is your way to determine the quality of the flatware you are buying.
The Composition of Stainless Steel
The stainless steel used in flatware is an alloy— a composite of various types of steel along with additional metals that lend improved appearance and performance. In the case of the stainless steel used in flatware, chromium is added to the blend to create an alloy with good rust resistance, while nickel is added to provide a silver-like shine along with some additional rust resistance. Typically, the higher the percentage of each additional metal, the higher the quality of the stainless steel alloy.
The numbers in the product specification indicate the percentages of each additional metal in the alloy: 18/10 stainless steel, for example, is comprised of 18 percent chromium, 10 percent nickel, with the remaining 72 percent comprised of steel. The alloy composition makes everyday stainless steel cutlery easy to care for and for the most part, it has some amount of resistance when it comes to pitting or rusting. These differences in specifications are sometimes denoted on the packaging but often are missing—especially when manufacturers want to downplay their use of an inferior alloy.
The differences between 18/10 and 18/8 stainless steel are less dramatic than you might imagine. That's because the Grade 304 stainless steel purchased by manufacturers typically has a nickel percentage of about 8.2 percent, which by law can be marketed as 18/10. Thus, 18/10 flatware typically has only about 8.2 or 8.3 percent nickel—barely more than 18/8 stainless steel. But 18/0 cutlery uses a Grade 400 stainless steel, which contains no nickel at all and is a decidedly inferior product. Thus, both 18/10 and 18/8 cutlery contain excellent stainless steel alloys, but flatware designated as 18/0 or 13/0 will not have the same longevity and shiny stain resistance.
Flatware Weights
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Composition of the stainless steel is not the only criterion for judging the quality of flatware. Within each grade category, flatware is available in various weights:
Thus, the very best cutlery is represented by forged 18/10 stainless steel, while the least expensive bargain flatware would be medium-weight 18/0 or 13/0 stainless steel.
Stainless Steel Flatware Costs
No matter what stainless steel composition is used, flatware costs can very widely depending on the metal weight used. Some forged 18/0 flatware is more expensive than heavy-weight cutlery using 18/10 stainless steel.
But assuming metal weights and style are comparable, 18/0 cutlery will be at least half the cost of fine 18/10 cutlery. One prominent manufacturer, for example, recently offered a 20-piece (four place settings) set of 18/10 cutlery in a simple unadorned style for about $140, while the same place setting in 18/0 stainless steel sold for $48. A similar cost range is found in other manufacturers offering the same styles in different grades.
Shopping Tips
Care Tips
It should be noted that even the best stainless steel flatware is subject to occasional pitting and corrosion if not properly cared for. Here are some tips for keeping your stainless steel flatware looking and performing its best:
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