The bearings act as a bridge between machinery and various mechanical components, thus helping them to reduce friction. It facilitates the movement of components through the cylinder as a roller element that can bear heavy loads and can be used in a variety of heavy-duty machinery. Specifically designed to cater to extreme mechanical conditions, these bearings can support heavy radial loads. These types of bearings have linear contact areas with outer rings, making them distribute loads on a broader surface area.
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The cylindrical roller bearings can be used in various types of mechanical systems. The different types of cylindrical roller bearings can offer different usages:
Axial Displacement: The bearings are designed to support axial loads and facilitate movement to and from axial directions within the machinery. The N and NU types of cylindrical roller bearings are perfect use cases for axial displacement, as single-row cylindrical roller bearings offer the scope of axial displacement in some limits relative to the housing.
Withstand Incidental Thrust Loads: The thrust load is a load that is applied parallel to the rotation of the axis. The NF, NJ, and NUP series of cylindrical roller bearings are designed in such a way as to withstand incidental thrust loads apart from radial loads.
Uses in Heavy Machinery and extreme systems: The cylindrical roller bearings are used in high-speed systems and can be deployed for high-performing systems such as agricultural machinery, wind turbines, mining machines, etc.
The performance and design are why cylindrical roller bearings are suitable for specific applications. It offers varied advantages, which are as follows:
It has a higher resistance to fatigue and shock than a ball bearing.
It Offers simple mounting and dismounting due to its unique design.
It is designed to take the combined radial load (N and NU type) and thrust load (NJ and NUP type).
There are different types of Roller Bearings available in the market. Still, specifically, as per the use cases, the cylindrical roller bearings are designed to cater to machinery&#;s unique high-performing needs. Moreover, due to its characteristics and operability, it suits well for extreme mechanical conditions.
Figure 1: Cylindrical Roller Bearing
Manufacturers design bearings to 'bear' or carry a load while restricting motion and reducing friction between moving parts. Cylindrical roller bearings are one type of bearing designed for high-load, circular needs. Ribs guide these cylindrical rolling elements on the inner or outer rings designed to move freely in the axial direction, making this bearing ideal for applications with thermal expansion on the shaft, like an electric motor.
A better understanding of cylindrical roller bearings, their functions, and their advantages and disadvantages helps select the correct bearing for each application.
A cylindrical roller bearing is a contact-type bearing that is different from other bearings. They use cylinder-shaped rolling parts instead of balls like you'd find in ball bearings. Because cylindrical rollers are in linear contact with the raceways, they have a greater circular load capacity than ball bearings.
Though the rollers are cylindrically-shaped, they are not true cylinders. The rollers are crowned or end-relieved to reduce stress, resulting in low friction. Low friction makes them an ideal choice for high-speed situations. Cylindrical roller bearings are typically lubricated with oil to reduce heat caused by high speeds.
Cylindrical roller bearings are radial-type roller bearings. This class of roller bearing includes tapered, spherical, and needle roller bearings. All cylindrical roller bearings have four essential components: an inner ring, an outer ring, rollers, and a cage. The bearing rings and rollers carry the load, and the cage (Figure 2) keeps the rollers in place.
Cylindrical roller bearings vary from clearance and lubrication options, depending on the manufacturer. They can be made with a cage or as a full complemented part. Some have no ribs on either ring, allowing axial movement of the rings, which can be used as free-end bearings.
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Pressed steel or machined brass are the most common materials to form cylindrical roller bearing cages. Still, some use molded polyamide, which makes smoother and quieter running bearings. When necessary, hardened high carbon steel or carburized low carbon steel enhances bending fatigue and handles heavy shock loads.
Figure 2: Double-row cylindrical roller bearing cage and rollers
Though single row cylindrical roller bearings are the most common type, cylindrical rollers also come in multi-row options.
Figure 3: Double-row cylindrical roller bearing
With cylindrical roller bearings, the outer load is continuously re-distributed among the rollers. Fewer than half of the total number of rollers carry the application's load as the inner ring rotates. The weight distribution is superior to the load-bearing capacity of ball bearings. It contributes to the service life of the bearing.
There are several criteria to consider when selecting cylindrical roller bearings. For example, one must consider dimensions, the operational speed and load specifications, unique installation features, and materials' choice. DIN Standards 635-1 outline specific dimensions and symbols for single-row spherical roller bearings, while DIN 635-2 standards refer to double-row configurations.
One must consider three dimensions when selecting bearings for a specific application, including:
Axial load support in one direction (single-row) or two directions (double-row), and loading parameters, need to be considered when selecting the correct bearing, including:
An application may also require some unique features. In some instances, bearings are flanged for mounting or locating purposes. A spherical outside diameter has a greater load capacity and allows a bearing to be more tolerant of misalignment but requires more radial space.
Some applications require thoroughly hardened high carbon bearing quality steel, which is more durable than typical alloy or low carbon steel bearings. Further, material processing can add carbon and alloys to low carbon grades of steel. This process produces a fatigue-resistant case and a rigid, malleable core, improving the bending fatigue to accommodate heavy shock loads.
Their greater radial load capacity and their ability to accommodate faster speeds, as well as other benefits, make cylindrical roller bearings an ideal solution for a variety of industries, including:
Yes. The design of the rollers and surface allows cylindrical roller bearings to manage heavy loading with low levels of friction.
Improper mounting and sealing, lubricant failure, and the presence of debris and contaminants are the most common reasons for bearing failure. In addition, excessive loading can lead to overheating and failure.
Cylindrical roller bearings, like all bearings, are subjected to rust, pitting, scratches, and chips. Bearings treated with a surface coating helps to extend the life of the bearing by preventing these instances.
Zinc-nickel plating, zinc, and phosphate coatings help protect against rust, pitting, scratching, and chipping.
The length/diameter ratio of needle-bearing rollers is greater than four. In contrast, the length of the rollers in a cylindrical roller bearing is shorter with a larger diameter.