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Another variable is the weather and climate in your local area. The amount of electricity a solar system in Florida produces over a year is going to be different than a solar system in Washington (though solar has proven itself profitable in even extremely cloudy or rainy areas).
Regardless of where you live, the amount of electricity your system generates in the summer is going to be much greater than in the winter. Installers will look at average weather patterns in your area to get an accurate estimate of how much electricity you can realistically generate throughout the year.
Your Available Space
Solar panels need to be installed in a bright, sunny spot that won’t interfere with your day to day. For many properties, the place that makes the most sense is the roof, however, solar panels can be installed on land as a ground-mounted solar system if that’s more suitable for your situation.
In order to install a solar system that can fulfill 100% of your home’s electricity needs, you’ll need the space to do so. One, 330W solar panel takes up about 19.5 sq. ft. A solar system for a typical home will range between 5 kW and 20 kW. That means you’ll need between 312 sq. ft. and 1,189 sq. ft. of sunny space with limited obstructions to install a system that will fulfill all your electric needs.
Not all roofs are created equal. North-facing roofs receive less sun throughout the day, which means you may need to install additional panels to make up for the loss in production. If there are trees that cast shade on your roof throughout the day, they may need to be trimmed or removed. Other obstructions like nearby buildings, chimneys, and even exhaust fans can also impact production.
One of the main benefits of a ground-mounted system is that it can be positioned in the ideal direction and tilt for solar production. This is something that may not be possible with a roof mount.
If your goal is a 100% solar-powered home, you can achieve it with either a solar system that’s off-grid or grid-tied. The difference between these is what happens to your excess electricity and how you access electricity when your system isn’t generating power.
On overcast days, rainy weather, or during the nighttime, your system won’t produce much electricity, but you’ll still need to use it. Solar can still provide you with electricity at these times by generating extra electricity during the sunny periods.
That additional electricity is either stored in batteries, in the case of off-grid systems, or it’s transferred to the electricity grid in exchange for a credit, should you opt for a grid-tied system.
An off-grid solar system is one that is entirely independent of the electric utility. That means your home won’t be able to draw power from the utility.
However, going off-grid can be expensive and may require some lifestyle changes. While batteries continue to come down in price, buying enough to get you through several dark nights and cloudy days can quickly add up. You’ll have to be conscious of how much electricity you’re using versus how much electricity your system can store.
With a grid-tied system, you’ll be able to generate 100% of the electricity your home uses, but without the need to purchase batteries to store extra energy.
Many states require utility companies to provide net metering or another compensation method, like New York’s Value Stack, for the electricity generated by your solar system that’s added to the grid. With net metering, you’ll get a kilowatt-hour credit for each kilowatt-hour you’ve transferred to the grid. You can then use those credits to pay for any electricity you draw from the grid while your solar system isn’t producing.
For many homeowners, 100% coverage using solar energy is a reasonable goal. As long as your property is suitable for the size solar system you need, you should be able to completely offset your energy usage with solar.
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