Use information you know about the company or industry within your questions to show your knowledge base and seriousness.
For example, to make No. 7 more relevant: “As an accountant at a medium-sized local firm, your busiest season probably revolve around your clients’ fiscal-year ends, which can vary. What would you say would be the most demanding times of the year for your firm’s accountants?”
9. Is this field growing enough so that there's room for someone like me?
10. Are too many or too few people entering this profession?
11. What developments on the horizon could affect future opportunities?
12. This industry has changed dramatically in the past five years. What have you seen from inside your company? Where do you think the changes will happen in the next five years?
13. How frequently do layoffs occur? How does it affect employees' morale?
14. Why do people leave this field or company?
15. Who are the most important people in the industry today?
16. Which companies have the best track record for promoting women and minorities?
17. Are there opportunities for self-employment in your field? Where?
An example of how to make No. 11 more relevant: “I’ve noticed that the state and federal governments have devoted a great deal of funding to the biotech industry in Western New York. What effects have you, as a salesperson for Life Technologies, seen from this extra funding, and how do you anticipate the industry and your company expanding due to this revenue?”
18. What would be a reasonable salary range to expect if I entered this field? What is the long-term potential?
19. What is the advancement potential in the field? What is a typical path?
20. How did you get your job?
21. If you could start all over again, would you change your career path in any way? Why?
22. How long does it take for managers to rise to the top?
23. What is the background of most senior-level executives?
An example of how to make No. 19 more relevant: “From the alumni database, I see you graduated from the MBA program just four years ago and are already a vice president at the bank. That’s impressive. Please share with me the typical path from entry level to VP in the banking environment, and what people can do to move fast within that process.”
24. What educational preparation would you recommend for someone who wants to advance in this field?
25. What qualifications do you seek in a new hire?
26. How do most people enter this profession?
27. Which of my skills are strong compared to other job hunters in this field?
28. What do you think of the experience I've had so far? For what types of positions would it qualify me?
29. Can you recommend any courses I should take before proceeding further with my job search?
30. What companies or industries do you think I should target?
An example of how to make No. 25 more relevant: “I read through some of the job descriptions on the HR section of your website in preparation for our meeting today. Most jobs I’d be interested in listed communication, teamwork and decision-making skills as necessities. Can you tell me how those skills are used in this profession? Also, what other skills do managers look for that are not written in the typical job descriptions?”
31. Do you think my objective is clearly stated, realistic and achievable?
32. Considering my background, how well do you think I would fit in this company and/or profession?
33. How does your company compare with others we've discussed?
34. Would the work involve any lifestyle changes, such as frequent travel or late-night business entertaining?
35. Considering all the people you've met in your field, what personal attributes are essential for success?
36. Taking into account my skills, education and experience, what other career paths would you suggest I explore before making a final decision?
An internship-focused alternative to No. 36 might be: “Thinking about the most successful interns you have had, what was it about their character, work ethic, abilities and performance that made them exemplary?”
37. Where can I write to get up-to-date information on salaries, employers and industry issues?
38. What professional journals and organizations should I be aware of?
39. Is there anything else you think I need to know?
40. Who else would you recommend I speak with? When I call, may I use your name?
Remember to express your appreciation and to follow up with a thank you letter or email. If you are referred to another professional for assistance, make sure you let the original contact know the result of your outreach to that new referral.
Insightful and practical workplace advice from career expert Alison Green.
Photo-Illustration: by The Cut; Photos: Getty Images
When I’m interviewing people for jobs, I’m always amazed by how many of them tell me they don’t have any questions for me when prompted. Like most interviewers, I set aside time for candidates to turn the tables and ask me their own questions, because you can’t make a good decision about whether to take a job if you’re not informed. When someone doesn’t use that time to ask anything, it makes me wonder how critically they’re thinking about whether this is a job they really want, let alone one they’ll thrive in. After all, you’re contemplating spending 40-plus hours a week in this role … surely there’s something you’d like to know?
Part of the problem is that people aren’t sure how to ask about the things they’d most like to know, like “Are you a horrible micromanager?” or “Is working here a nightmare?” They also worry that interviewers will read negative things into the questions they choose to ask (like if you ask about what hours most people work, will you look like a slacker?).
Some of that insider info is best sought outside of a formal interview (more on how do that here), but you can still glean a lot by asking your interviewer the right questions. Here are ten strong questions that will get you useful insights into whether the job is right for you.
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1.
This gets right to the crux of what you need to know about the job: What does it mean to do well, and what will you need to achieve in order for the manager to be happy with your performance?
You may figure the job description has already laid this out, but it’s not uncommon for a job description to be the same one an employer has been using for the past ten years, even if the job has changed significantly during that time. Companies often post job descriptions that primarily use boilerplate language from HR, while the actual manager has very different ideas about what’s most important in the role. Also, frankly, most employers just suck at writing job descriptions (which is why so many of them sound as if they were written by robots rather than humans), so it’s useful to have a conversation about what the role is really about. You may find out that while the job posting listed 12 different responsibilities, your success in fact hinges on just two of them, or that the posting dramatically understated the importance of one of them, or that the hiring manager is battling with her own boss about expectations for the role, or even that the manager has no idea what success would look like in the job (which would be a sign to proceed with extreme caution).
2.
Job descriptions usually just lay out a list of responsibilities. Equally important is what it’s actually like to do the work and what challenges people in the role might face. For example, maybe you’ll be working closely with a difficult-to-please client, or the program you’d be leading is constantly having to fend off budget cuts, or messy internal politics will require patience and finesse. Those are all really important things to know as you’re deciding whether this is a job you’d be happy in.
Initiating a conversation on these topics can also create an opening for you to talk about how you’ve approached similar challenges in the past, which can be reassuring to your interviewer. That said, only do so if you can fit it in naturally; you don’t want to come across as if you’re just asking questions to tee up a sales pitch for yourself, because that’s annoying and usually pretty obvious.
3.
If the job description mentioned a combination of admin work and program work, it’s important to know whether 90 percent of your time will be spent on the admin work or if the split is more like 50/50. Or you might find out that the part of the job that you were most excited about only comes up every six months. Even barring major insights like that, the answer to this question can help you better visualize what it will actually be like to be in the job day after day.
Tip: Some interviewers will respond to this question with, “Oh, every day is different.” If that happens, try asking, “Can you tell me what the last month looked like for the person in the job currently? What took up most of their time?”
If nothing you try gets you a clear picture of how your time will be spent, that might be a sign that you’ll be walking into chaos — or a job where expectations never get clearly defined.
4.
This is important to ask because if everyone has left the position after less than a year, that could be the sign of a horrible manager, unrealistic expectations, or something else that’s likely to make you miserable too. If just one person left quickly, that’s not in itself a red flag. But if you find there has been a pattern of quick departures, that should prompt you to ask your interviewer what they think led to the high turnover.
Of course, if the position is brand-new, you can’t ask this question. In that case, ask instead about what the turnover on the team has been like.
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5.
With this question, you’re listening for what kind of learning curve you’ll be expected to meet as well as the general pace of the team. If you’re expected to have racked up significant achievements in your first, say, six months, you’re not going to have a lot of ramp-up time. That may not be a problem if you’re coming in with a lot of experience and you know the expectations are reasonable. If not, it may rightly give you pause.
The other advantage of asking this question is that it can elicit details about key projects that you wouldn’t otherwise hear about, which can help flesh out your understanding of the work you’ll be doing.
6.
A job candidate asked me this years ago, and it’s probably my favorite question I’ve ever been posed in an interview. What’s great about it is that it goes straight to the heart of what any good hiring manager is looking for: We aren’t interviewing candidates in the hopes of finding someone who will do an average job; we’re hoping to find someone who will excel. And this question says you approach work that way, too. Obviously, just asking doesn’t guarantee that you’ll do extraordinary work, but it does make you sound like someone who’s at least aiming for that — someone who’s conscientious and driven. Those are compelling things in a hiring manager’s eyes.
Plus, their answer can give you more nuanced insight into what it’ll take to truly excel in the job — and whatever the answer is, you can think about whether it’s something you’ll be able to do.
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7.
A caveat about this question: Hiring managers are often pretty bad at accurately describing the culture on their teams and their own management style (which is why I don’t advise even bothering to ask about their management style at all; managers’ answers to that can be almost comically inaccurate). In part, that’s because they have a vested interest in seeing things through a positive lens, even if their team is miserable, and part of it can be because they simply have a different vantage point than their employees do. So you should always take managers’ descriptions of themselves and their team culture with some skepticism. But there’s still value in hearing what they do and don’t emphasize in response to a question like this.
Just make sure that you confirm anything that’s important to you with people who are not the manager. Find people in your network who may have the inside scoop on the company’s culture and the manager you would be working for, check online reviews at places like Glassdoor, and talk to others who work there.
8.
You can learn a lot by the way interviewers respond to this question. People who genuinely enjoy their jobs and the company will usually have several things they can cite, and will usually sound sincere. But if you get a blank stare or a long silence before your interviewer answers, or the answer is something like “the paycheck,” consider that a red flag. And, of course, if everyone raves about the company happy hours and frequent team-building events and you’re an introvert who prefers to mostly keep to yourself, that’s useful info to take into account too.
9.
It’s understandable to want to impress your interviewer, but interviewing is a two-way street — you need to be assessing the job, the employer, and the manager and figuring out whether this is a position you want and would do well in. If you’re just focused on getting the job and not on whether it’s the right job for you, you’re in danger of ending up in a place where you’re struggling or miserable.
So before you interview, spend some time thinking about what you really want to know. When you imagine going to the job every day, what are the things that will most impact whether you’re happy with the work, with the culture, and with the manager? Maybe it’s important to you to work in an informal setting with heavy collaboration. Maybe you care most about working somewhere with sane hours, where calls and texts on the weekend or in the evenings are rare. Maybe you’ve heard rumors about the stability of the funding for the position and want to see if they’re true. Whatever you’ll need to know to decide if you want the job, think about asking it now.
That said, you shouldn’t take your interviewer’s word for it. You should also do due diligence by talking to people in your network who may have the inside scoop on the company’s culture or the manager you would be working for, by reading online reviews at places like Glassdoor, and by talking to others who work there. (Here’s how to do that.)
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10.
This is a straightforward logistics question, but it’s useful to know when you can expect to hear back. Otherwise, in a few days you’re likely to start agonizing about whether you should have heard back about the job by now and what it means that you haven’t, and obsessively checking your phone to see if the employer has tried to make contact. It’s much better for your quality of life if you know that you’re not likely to hear anything for two weeks or four weeks or that the hiring manager is leaving the country for a month and nothing will happen until she’s back, or whatever the case might be.
Plus, asking this question makes it easy for you to check in with the employer if the timeline they give you comes and goes with no word. If they tell you that they plan to make a decision in two weeks and it’s been three weeks, you can reasonably email them and say something like, “I know you were hoping to make a decision around this time, so I wanted to check in and see if you have an updated timeline you can share. I’m really interested in the position and would love to talk more with you.”
Find even more career advice from Alison Green on her website, Ask a Manager. Got a question for her? Email askaboss@nymag.com (and read our submission terms here.)
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