A Carbon Steel Pipe Schedule Chart helps to understand the thickness and internal size of pipes without specific measurements. The chart uses schedules, ranging from sch 5 to SCH 160 and XXS, to show different wall thicknesses. Higher schedule numbers, like SCH 120 pipe, indicate thicker walls that can support more weight and pressure, making them suitable for tough conditions. Even if pipes have the same diameter, their wall thickness can vary based on the schedule, such as the SCH 140 pipe compared to schedule 40. Carbon steel pipes are marked with an "CS" for easy grade identification. Generally, the higher the schedule, the heavier and stronger the pipe.
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Common Pipe Schedules
Some common pipe schedules include:
Schedule 40: This type of pipe schedule is probably the most popular because it applies to water and gas lines.
Schedule 80: This schedule is used when pressure levels are higher, such as in pipeline systems for transmitting oil and gas.
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Steel pipes can be confusing for those not familiar with the terms and different ways of referring to a pipes size. There are different acronyms that seem like they might be interchangeable but actually arent. Some of them are interchangeable, but only for certain sizes. This is why we want to break this down for anyone looking to purchase or simply understand piping.
Before we can explain how pipes are measured and categorized, its important to understand what makes a pipe a pipe (vs. a tube). A steel pipe is a cylindrical piece of steel with a hollow inside thats generally used to carry gas or liquid from one location to another. Theyre also the most utilized item produced by the steel industry.
Their most obvious application is typically underground transport of fuels such as oil or natural gas, but also for water. However, pipes are also used for sewage and in construction to protect electrical wires. Steels strength-to-weight ratio makes steel pipes a popular choice for many bike frames, flagpoles, and street lamps as well.
Before we can read a pipe sizing chart, we need to understand what different measurements or dimensions are being listed.
This is fairly self-explanatory it designates how long a piece of piping is, usually in standard increments.
The inside diameter is the distance between the inside walls. It can be thought of as how wide the opening in the pipe is.
The outside diameter is the distance from the outside edge to its opposite outside edge. This can be thought of as the total height of the pipe.
Similar to length, this is relatively self-explanatory and is the thickness of the pipings wall. It is also half of the difference between OD and ID. Wall thickness is usually referred to as schedule which is a non-dimensional number that needs to be converted to the actual wall thickness using a chart.
This is the metric that is most often used to convey the size of a pipe. However, the NPS is neither the ID nor the OD when its between and 12. This means that, while close to the actual diameter of the pipe, its another non-dimensional number and more of a designation rather than a measurement. Above 14 (or NPS 14), the nominal pipe size and OD are the same.
For example, below is a table of NPS values from ½ to 3 ½ with their corresponding outside diameter:
Nominal Pipe Size (NPS)
Outside Diameter (OD)
½
0.84
¾
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1.05
1
1.315
1 ¼
1.66
1 ½
1.9
2
2.375
2 ½
2.875
3
3.5
3 ½
4
The most common format of pipe sizing is written like: 1 SCH 40 x 20. The first part is the nominal pipe size, which means that the outside diameter is actually 1.315. After the NPS we have the wall thickness, or schedule. SCH 40 for a 1 pipe means the wall thickness is 0.133. Lastly, we have the length of the pipe, which is 20 feet.
Put together, 1 SCH 40 x 20 translates to 1.315 OD, 0.133 WT, and 20 length. While not specified in the measurement, you can also find the inside diameter using the OD and WT. A pipe with an OD of 1.315 and WT of 0.133 will have an ID of 1.049 (ID = OD 2WT).
No matter what size or quantity of steel piping you need, Service Steel can supply it. Even better, our experts can help you decide what the best choice is for your project so you dont need to feel pressured to be an expert in steel pipe terminology and standard sizing. Request a quote today.
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