AC coupling and DC coupling are two different ways of connecting solar panels to batteries. In an AC-coupled system, the solar panels are connected to an inverter, which converts the DC power from the panels to AC power that the home or business can use. The inverter also charges the batteries. The solar panels are connected directly to the batteries in a DC-coupled system. A charge controller is used to regulate the flow of power between the panels and the batteries.
AC-coupled systems are generally easier to install than DC-coupled systems. They are also more common in Australia, as they are compatible with the grid-tied solar system. However, AC-coupled systems are less efficient than DC-coupled systems, as they lose some power during the conversion from DC to AC.
DC-coupled systems are more efficient than AC-coupled ones but are more complex to install. They are incompatible with the grid-tied solar system, so they are only suitable for off-grid systems.
Like solar panels, batteries need an inverter to convert their stored DC electricity into usable AC electricity. Different types of inverters exist, depending on whether your battery system is AC- or DC-coupled. DC-coupled batteries often come with an integrated hybrid inverter for both solar and storage. AC-coupled batteries sometimes come with an integrated storage inverter, which only works with storage, meaning you'll need a separate solar inverter. Some batteries don't come with an inverter, so you must pair it with a separate, third-party inverter.
You may be able to save on equipment costs with a hybrid inverter, but you could have higher installation costs if retrofitting to an existing solar system, and you could miss out on some incentives, as we previously described.
There are two ways to measure the output you'll get from your battery: usable capacity and power rating. Usable capacity is measured in kWh and describes the maximum amount of electricity your battery can store on a full charge. The higher the usable capacity, the longer your battery's runtime. When comparing the usable capacity of different batteries, you'll also want to consider how many batteries you can stack in parallel; even if the usable capacity of one battery is low, if you can connect multiple batteries to one inverter, it may allow you to customize your system to meet your energy needs better.
Your battery will come with two power ratings, both measured in kW. Its peak power rating measures the amount of power your battery can output in a short period. It's important to have a battery with a high peak power rating if you need it to run appliances that require a lot of energy to start, like an air conditioner or a sump pump. Your battery's continuous power rating measures the amount of power your battery can output consistently. The higher its continuous power rating, the more appliances you can run at once.
Ultimately, the amount of capacity and battery backup power you need depends on how much of your house you plan to power with your battery&#;and for how long.
Two primary metrics differentiate batteries in terms of performance. Depth of discharge (DoD) indicates the percentage of the battery that can be discharged relative to its overall capacity. In other words, it's the amount of your battery's capacity you can use in one cycle for optimal battery performance: The higher the DoD, the more you'll get out of your battery.
Roundtrip efficiency measures the electrical losses involved with charging and discharging a battery. Batteries with higher roundtrip efficiencies better convert incoming electricity into stored electricity and back to usable electricity; they're considered higher-performance batteries.
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Every time you charge and discharge your battery, it slightly reduces its ability to hold a full charge. A battery system is a big investment, so you'll want to ensure it lasts. The best way to feel confident that your battery will continue working efficiently is to choose one with a strong warranty. Battery warranties include many different components and clauses, which all impact the assurance you can feel when choosing a long-lasting battery.
Your battery's warranty period is measured in years and covers the integrity and output of your system&#;typically, battery companies offer 10-year warranties. Most battery warranties also include an end-of-warranty capacity guarantee, which states that by the end of the warranty period, the battery will still maintain a certain percentage of its original usable capacity. Batteries also often come with a cycles clause (a specified number of times you can drain and charge your battery under warranty) and/or a throughput clause (the total amount of energy the manufacturer expects the battery to deliver throughout its lifetime). Similar to how many car warranties come with a time and/or mileage component (i.e., ten years, 100,000 miles), if you hit your warranted cycle life or throughput before your battery reaches the end of its warranty period, it could end your warranty term.
You'll also want to look at other warranty information, like if labor and shipping costs are covered for repairs and replacements; batteries are considered hazardous waste, which means that these costs can be extremely high in some cases if you need to send the battery back to the manufacturer for diagnostics.
Energy or load management systems enable you to both monitor and control your energy consumption, typically at the circuit level. In most cases, if you're installing a battery, you'll need to install a critical load panel, which protects your appliances and battery from unintended electrical failures and enables you to power only your most essential devices during power outages.
Energy management systems replace the need for a critical load panel by providing real-time flexibility, allowing you to turn circuits on and off remotely. They can replace your main electrical panel, serve as a sub-electrical panel (similar to a critical loan panel), or be installed along individual circuit lines for a more modular approach. Most importantly, these systems allow you to get more out of your battery during power outages by only powering the most important loads at a given time. One of the most prominent energy management system brands, Span, claims that their smart home panel provides 40% longer backup than battery-only systems.
Some battery companies are now manufacturing their own energy management systems, while others are compatible with third-party systems like Span and Lumin. Not all batteries are compatible with all energy management systems, so make sure to pick a battery compatible with the energy management system you prefer.
You'll want to get the most bang for your buck when purchasing a home battery. Battery cost comes down to two key factors: the equipment and installation time. Some batteries are more expensive due to factors like their chemistry or supply chain strength, while others may be bulky and large and, therefore, more difficult (and expensive) to install.
Thousands of homeowners request battery quotes through our Marketplace every year, providing us with unparalleled insight into the cost of different battery brands. Based on our latest Solar & Storage Marketplace Report, there's an extensive range in battery prices: HomeGrid offers the lowest cost batteries at $480/kWh, likely in large part due to their flexible configuration, which makes them easy to transport and quickly install, while Sonnen offers the highest cost batteries at $1,570/kWh, likely due to their extremely strong warranty. The most quoted battery company on the EnergySage Marketplace is Enphase, which surprisingly is the second most expensive battery brand at $1,490/kWh.
While there are many great battery companies, a few stand out above the rest. Depending on what you're looking for in a battery system, HomeGrid, Villara Energy Systems, Sonnen, and SolarEdge offer some of the best solar batteries today:
Contact us to discuss your requirements of pv energy storage charging system. Our experienced sales team can help you identify the options that best suit your needs.